Xerophthalmia

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Factors of xerophthalmia

 Xerophthalmia is a medical condition in which the eye fails to produce tears. It may be caused by a deficiency in vitamin A and is sometimes used to describe that lack, although there may be other causes.

The clinical manifestations are seen in the eyes are:

  • Night blindness: Individual suffering from nights blindness cannot see in dim light or around dusk. The child will be unable to see even the meal plate kept in front of him/ her in dim light.


  • Conjunctival Xerosis: conjunctival Xerosis means dryness of the conjunctiva ( thin transparent membrane that covers the cornea and lines the inside of the eyelid). In normal eyes,the membrane covering the white portion of the eye( conjunctiva) is bright, white and moist. In the case of xerophthalmia,it becomes discovered ( muddy colour) ,dry and loses its brightness.this is known as conjunctival Xerosis.
  • Bitot sport: In additional to Xerosis, dry foamy, triangular sports may appear on the conjunctiva. These are known as Bitot,s sport.

  • Corneal Xerosis:
  • vitamin A deficiency become severe, the cornea becomes dry and dull and appetizers like ground glass. This condition is called corneal Xerosis which means dryness of the cornea. This condition should be treated as an emergency. If it is not treated immediately with vitamin A, the child can develop ulcers or sores in the cornea. Corneal ulcers when healed leave white scars known as leucoma. Such white scars on black of the eye can interfere with normal vision.

Keratomalacia: 
The most dangerous form of xerophthalmia is known as keratomalacia. In thi condition, the cornea becomes very soft and row and easily infected. It leads to destination of the eye. In otherworld, the eye gets completely melted and destroyed. This condition inevitably leads to irreversible blindness.







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